Russia / Kazakhstan

Ural

Metric, old-school spanner-and-screwdriver engineering — almost everything is roadside-serviceable.

Fastener system

Metric

Cross-head standard

Phillips

Hex (Allen)

4, 5, 6, 8

Torx

Rarely used

Common spanners / sockets

8, 10, 13, 17, 19, 22

Wheels

Tube-type (spoked)

Final drive

shaft

Powertrain

ice

Typical segments

Sidecar

Before you pack

— Three interchangeable tube-type wheels including a spare — carry tubes and levers, and use the spare wheel.
— Expect to tighten things constantly: threadlocker, spare bolts and safety wire are core kit, not extras.
— Shaft drive with a final-drive oil level to check on long trips.

Combination spanners — 8, 10, 13 mm
You need two wrenches to crack a locknut (chain adjusters, cable adjusters, bar risers) — a socket alone won't do it.
Spoke wrench
One loose spoke turns into a buckled wheel over a few hundred kilometres of piste. Check and re-tension on the road.
Spare nuts, bolts and washers (your bike's common sizes)
Bikes shed fasteners constantly. Walk around your bike and duplicate the M6/M8 bolts you see most.
Threadlocker (small blue tube)
Vibration is what actually loosens your bike apart. Blue on anything you refit trailside.